Just came across these and cleaned them up.

I have never seen this design (not that my experience is exhaustive) - there is a scale on the top section that translates into the gap between the points - put it at 1 on the top scale, and the points are 1cm apart.
Not very clear in the first photo'. I must try and find something that will make the marking clearer. Oh, metric on one side, imperial on the other.

Is there a name for these beasties?

I have never seen this design (not that my experience is exhaustive) - there is a scale on the top section that translates into the gap between the points - put it at 1 on the top scale, and the points are 1cm apart.
Not very clear in the first photo'. I must try and find something that will make the marking clearer. Oh, metric on one side, imperial on the other.

Is there a name for these beasties?